Selenium

Selenium — testing framework for unit, integration, and E2E tests.

TestingComplex

Stack Components

E2ESelenium 4

BrowserWebDriver

GridSelenium Grid

Why

Automated tests catch regressions early and document expected behavior. Vitest replaced Jest for Vite projects, running 3x faster with native ESM.

Playwright became the #1 E2E tool in 2024, surpassing Cypress with cross-browser support and auto-waiting.

When

Use for any project needing quality assurance. Avoid for throwaway prototypes.

How

1. Install Selenium 2. Write test files 3. Run tests 4. Check coverage 5. Add environment configuration — cp .env.example .env && edit values 6. Run tests — npm test or pnpm test to verify setup 7. Deploy — git push to trigger CI/CD or manual deploy

Example

// Selenium test test('adds 1+2=3', () => { expect(1+2).toBe(3); }); // Selenium — usage example import { Selenium } from "test-selenium"; const result = await selenium({ input: "data" }); console.log(result);

Common Problems

⚠Selenium tests too slow — parallelize and mock I/O
⚠Flaky tests from timing — use deterministic waits (waitFor)
⚠Configuration drift between environments — use infrastructure-as-code (Terraform/Pulumi) to keep dev/staging/prod identical

Best Practices

✓Follow AAA pattern: Arrange, Act, Assert in Selenium tests
✓Test behavior, not implementation details
✓Set up health checks and graceful shutdown — handle SIGTERM to drain in-flight requests before exit

FAQ

What is Selenium and what projects is it for?

Selenium — testing framework for unit, integration, and E2E tests. It pairs layered technologies for end-to-end type safety and out-of-the-box deploys, fitting everything from MVPs to production SaaS.

How do I spin up a working demo with Selenium in 10 minutes?

Two steps: (1) Install Selenium; (2) Write test files. Get the local dev server running, then wire one real data source to verify the end-to-end loop.

What is the most common pitfall with Selenium and how do I avoid it?

The most common pitfall is: Selenium tests too slow — parallelize and mock I/O. Avoid it by adding the matching checklist to your PR template and running type-check + lint + unit tests in CI — three gates before merge.

What are the best practices for Selenium?

Best practices for Selenium include: Follow AAA pattern: Arrange, Act, Assert in Selenium tests; Test behavior, not implementation details; Set up health checks and graceful shutdown — handle SIGTERM to drain in-flight requests before exit. The first one — "Follow AAA pattern: Arrange, Act, Assert in Selenium tests" — should be set up at project init to avoid costly rework later.

When should I NOT choose Selenium?

Pick something else in three cases: (1) the team has zero experience with the core framework and the deadline is tight (learning-curve risk); (2) it's a pure content/marketing site (Astro is lighter); (3) you need very high throughput (>10k RPS) or strict-consistency microservices (Go/Rust). Selenium shines for mid-to-high complexity full-stack and API work — don't over-engineer simple static pages with it.