path Module

Code

import path from "path";
import { fileURLToPath } from "url";

// Cross-platform path joining
const file = path.join("/var", "data", "users.json");
const abs  = path.resolve("data", "users.json");
const norm = path.normalize("/var/../tmp//x/");

// Parse and format
const parsed = path.parse("/var/www/index.html");
// { root, dir, base, name, ext }
const rebuilt = path.format({ dir: "/tmp", name: "out", ext: ".txt" });

// Relative and basename
path.relative("/a/b/c", "/a/b/d");    // ../d
path.basename("/a/b/index.html");     // index.html
path.basename("/a/b/index.html", ".html"); // index
path.extname("archive.tar.gz");       // .gz

// ESM: derive __dirname (not defined in ES modules)
const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
const __dirname  = path.dirname(__filename);

Explanation

The path module handles file paths in a platform-aware way, using backslashes on Windows and forward slashes on POSIX. path.join concatenates segments safely, while path.resolve produces an absolute path from the current working directory. In ES modules, __dirname is unavailable and must be derived from import.meta.url.

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