Optional

Code

import java.util.Optional;

Optional<String> opt = Optional.ofNullable(getName());

// ifPresent
opt.ifPresent(name -> System.out.println(name));

// orElse
String name = opt.orElse("Unknown");

// orElseGet
String name2 = opt.orElseGet(() -> generateDefault());

// orElseThrow
String name3 = opt.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Name not found"));

// map
int length = opt.map(String::length).orElse(0);

// filter
Optional<String> filtered = opt.filter(n -> n.length() > 3);

Explanation

Optional forces developers to explicitly handle null values, reducing NullPointerException.

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